我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖遥感调查与编目

Glacier Lake Investigation and Inventory in the Chinese Himalayas Based on the Remote Sensing Data

随着我国新一期冰川编目工作的进行和深入,开展全国范围内的冰湖编目已提上日程。基于278幅大比例尺地形图(20世纪70-80年代)、38景ASTER影像和7景TM(2004-2008年),通过建立冰湖编目规范,对我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖进行遥感调查与编目,分析近30年来冰湖的分布及其变化特征。结果显示:(1)本区2004-2008年间共有冰湖1680个,总面积215.28km2;(2)近30年来我国喜马拉雅山地区冰湖变化总体呈现数量减少、面积增大的趋势,数量减少了4%;总面积增大了29%;(3)近30年来有294个冰湖消失,新增加224个冰湖,变化最快的为冰碛湖,在消失的冰湖中66%为冰碛湖,新增加的冰湖中88%为冰碛湖。进一步分析表明冰湖面积增加是气候变暖、冰川退缩和冰川加速消融的产物。

The criteria for glacier lake inventory were set up and two phases of glacier lake inventories work of the Chinese Himalayas were carried out on the basis of the 278 topography maps （1970s-1980s）, 38 ASTER images （2004-2008, including 7 Land-sat Thematic Mapper images from 2004-2008 were used to fill the minor gaps between ASTER images）, the DEMs and slope maps generated from the 278 topography maps and etc. in this paper. In comparison to the two phases of glacier lake inventories data, we found that the glacier lake variations are characterized by a general trend of ＂the decrease in the number of glacier lakes and the increase in area of glacier lakes＂ in the Chinese Himalayas during the past 30 years. Further analysis shows that, in recent 30 years, （1） the number of glacier lake decreased from 1750 to 1680 （with a rate of 4%） whereas the area of glacier lake increased from 166.48 km^2 to 215.28 km^2 （with a rate of 29%）; （2） A total of 294 glacier lakes disappeared and 224 glacier lakes formed; （3） among the 6 types of glacier lakes, 66% that disappeared were glacier lakes and 88% of newly formed glacier lakes were moraine-dammed ones; （4） the glacier lakes varied more significantly at the edge of survival glaciers due to the fact that the climate was warming and glaciers were retreating in the region of Chinese Himalayas.