骨内牙种植体在牙缺失修复中的应用

Application of endosseous dental implant on restoration of tooth loss

目的回顾分析骨内牙种植体的适应证及临床应用效果。方法对94例患者的157个骨内牙种植体进行4个月～8年的临床观察,根据种植体的分布情况了解种植牙适应证的变化。通过对种植体周软组织状况、种植体动度、种植体周骨吸收情况及抗旋转扭力的检查,评价其骨整合成功率和修复成功率。结果有7.6%和25.5%的骨内牙种植体分别用于修复全颌缺失和游离端缺失,66.9%用于修复非游离端缺失。种植后初期骨整合成功率达98.1%,修复后5年种植成功率为93.8%。种植体初期稳定性<10N.cm者与≥10N.cm者相比种植成功率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论骨内牙种植体是临床上修复各种类型缺牙的理想手段之一,成功率高,初期稳定性对于提高种植成功率有重要意义。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the indication of endosseous dental implant,evaluate the effectiveness of clinical application of endosseous dental implant for tooth loss,and study the possible factors which may affect the success rate of implant denture.Methods One hundred and fifty-seven endosseous dental implants in 94 patients were followed up for 4 months to 8 years.The indications of endosseous dental implant were studied based on the changes in the distribution of dental implants in jawbone.The success rate of osseointegration and restoration of the endosseous dental implant were evaluated by checking the soft tissue around the implants,the stability of the implants,the bone resorption around the implants,and the degree of stability against rotation of the implants.Results The rate of performing endosseous dental implant for restoration of full-mouth anodontia was 7.6%,the rate of endosseous dental implant used in the free end anodontia was 25.5%,and it was 66.9% in non-free end anodontia.The success rate of osseointegration in the endosseous dental implant was 98.1%,and 5 years after prosthesis the success ratio of the endosseous dental implant was 93.8%.The success ratio of the endosseous dental implants which the primary stability（anti-rotation torsion）〈10Ncm was significantly lower than those implants which the primary stability ≥10Ncm.Conclusions Application of endosseous dental implant is an ideal procedure in restoration of various types of tooth loss with a reliable success rate.The primary stability is of significant importance to the success of the endosseous dental implant.