我国区域地质环境压力变化的定量评价

Evaluation of temporal changes in provincial geo-environmental pressure in China

定量评价经济活动所造成的区域地质环境压力及其动态变化，是当前我国加强地质环境管理、协调经济发展与环境效应面临的一个基本问题。本文首先利用物质流分析方法对我国1997～2006年省域地质环境与区域经济的物质流进行核算，在此基础上建立了地质环境压力评价指标。所建立的评价指标不仅考虑了区域经济活动强度，同时考虑了区域生态承载力，能够更好地反映经济活动对地质环境压力的大小。评价结果表明：1997～2006年，我国各省域地质环境压力均呈增加趋势，但增长速率存在很大差异；我国地质环境压力重心在过去10年中发生了东移，从中部的山西能源基地转移到了东部沿海的环渤海湾经济区和长三角经济区；降低地质环境压力的途径包括两个方面：一是提高资源利用效率，减少地质环境开发活动；二是控制废弃物对地质环境的污染，而重点在于前者。

In order to strengthen regional geo-environmental management and reduce environmental side effect of economic development, it is urgent to evaluate temporal changes in regional geo-environmental pressure caused by economic activities for decision-makers. This paper estimates material flows from and to its geoenvironment for each provincial industrial economy from 1997 to 2006 using the method of material flow accounting, and establishes an index system of regional geo-environment pressure evaluation. The index system takes account of economic activity intensity and regional ecological carry capacity. It reasonably reflects real regional geo-environmental pressure. The evaluation results indicate that regional geo-environmental pressure for each province rose from 1997 to 2006, but their rates differed greatly. The epicenter of geo- environmental pressure in China moved eastward in past 10 years from Shanxi energy base in middle China to the Bohai Sea economic region and the Yangtze River Delta along the east coast. Solutions to decrease geo- environmental pressure may include two measures： to increase resources utilization efficiency and reduce development activities of geo-environment, and to control waste drainage to reduce possible contamination.