近50年全球家畜生产分析

Analysis of global livestock production in last half century

1962-2002年,全球家畜存栏量增加2倍,禽、猪和牛分别增加3倍、1.2倍和42.8%;目前中国牛、羊和猪存栏量分别占全球的1/10、1/5和1/2;发展中国家各种家畜存栏连续增多,发达国家除禽外其余家畜开始减少,与人口和产业结构调整有关。发展中国家家畜个体生产效率虽低于发达国家,但提升幅度高于后者。当前专门化家畜生产贡献全球3/4的禽肉、1/2以上的猪肉和2/3的蛋类,猪、禽和牛肉占94%的肉类总产量,我国猪、禽和牛肉产量分别占全球的55.7%、23.6%和13.2%。1961-2008年,发展中国家肉类和奶类人均年消费量的平均增幅分别为0.43和0.57kg/年,高于发达国家的0.28和0.25kg/年。2002年,全球年均饲草料消耗比1962年增加66%,牛、猪和禽的消耗分别为48.9%、16.8%和12.5%,所占饲草料生产用地的比例则分别为30.7%、31.7%和23.6%。

Global livestock inventory increased by two times from 1962 through 2002 and inventory of poultry, pig and cattle simultaneously rose by 3 times, 1.2 times and 42.8%, respectively. Current amount of cattle, sheep and pig in China accounted for about 1/10, 1/5 and 1/2 of that around the world, respectively. All kinds of livestock inventory increased substantially in developing countries during the last half-century, but most of livestock excluding poultry started to reduce in developed countries after reaching to a peak in 1970s--1990s, which resulted from population tendency and industrial structure adjustment. Productive efficiency of individual animal was lower for all kinds of livestock in developing countries than that in developed countries, but improved rate of livestock productive efficiency was higher in developing countries than that in developed countries. Specialized livestock production contributed about 3/4 of poulory, over half of pork and almost 2/3 of egg to the whole world at present and about 94% of global meat production came from pork, poultry and beef together. Yield of pork, poultry and beef in China accounted for 55.7%, 23.6% and 13.2% of global corresponding meat production, respectively. From 1961 to 2008, mean annual consumption of meat and milk per capita increased by 0.43 kg/a and 0.57 kg/a in developing countries, respectively whilst by 0.28 kg/a and 0.25 kg/a in developed countries, respectively. Global feed （herbage, concentrate, etc） consumption was 66% higher in 2002 than that in 1962, and cattle, pig and poultry ingested 48. 9%, 16.8% and 12.5% of total feed, respectively and occup production land （rangeland, sown grassland, cropland, etc. ）