野生与养殖花羔红点鲑肌肉营养成分的比较分析

Comparative Analysis on the Nutrition Components of Muscles Between Wild and Farmed Salvelinus malma Populations

分别对野生与养殖花羔红点鲑Salvelinus malma肌肉中营养成分进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)野生与养殖花羔红点鲑肌肉的一般营养成分的含量存在差异.野生群体肌肉中水分的含量显著低于养殖群体(P<0.05),而粗蛋白质的含量和粗脂肪的含量则显著高于养殖群体(P<0.05),野生群体肌肉中粗灰分的含量高于养殖群体,差异不显著(P>0.05),野生群体肌肉中无氮浸出物的含量低于养殖群体,差异显著(P<0.05).(2)野生与养殖花羔红点鲑肌肉中氨基酸总量(w)分别为(18.01±0.29)%和(16.46±0.15)%.野生群体肌肉中各种氨基酸的含量均高于或等于养殖群体,其中,谷氨酸含量最高.(3)野生与养殖花羔红点鲑肌肉中脂肪酸组成均以油酸(C18∶1)含量最高,硬脂酸(C18∶0)含量最低.亚油酸(C18∶2)、EPA(C20∶5)、二十二碳五烯酸(C22∶5)、DHA(C22∶6)的含量野生群体低于养殖群体,差异显著(P<0.05).(4)野生和养殖花羔红点鲑的化学评分分别为0.90和0.87,氨基酸评分分别为0.67和0.64,第一限制性氨基酸都为蛋氨酸.

Comparative studies on muscle nutrition components of the wild and farmed Salvelinus malma populations were conducted. The results were as follows：l. Common muscle composition was different between the wild and farmed populations. The water content of S. malma in the wild populations was significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） lower compared with the farmed populations, but the crude protein content and the crude fatty content were significantly （ P 〈0. 05 ） higher compared with the farmed populations. The crude ash content of S. malma in the wild populations was lower （ P 〉 0. 05 ） than the farmed populations, and the NFE content of S. malma in the wild populations was significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） lower compared with the farmed populations. 2. The total content of amino acid were （ 18.01± 0. 29 ） % and （ 16.46 ±0. 15 ） % respectively. Each of the amino acids of the wild populations was higher or equivalent compared with the farmed populations. The difference in other kinds of amino acid was significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） except glutamic acid being the maximum. 3. Fatty acid composition of the wild and the farmed S. malma populations was identical, and the C18： 1was the highest, the C18：0 was the lowest. In other fatty acids, the C16：0 ,C16： 1 and C18：-3 content of S. malma in the wild populations was significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） higher compared with the fanned populations,but the C18：2 ,C20：5 ,C22：5 and C22：6 contents of S. malma in the wild populations were significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） lower compared with the farmed populations. 4. The CS in muscle of the wild and farmed S. malma populations was 0. 90 and 0. 87 respectively, AAS was 0. 67 and 0. 64 respectively, and the first restrictive amino acid both was methionine.