柏拉图的经济共和思想

On Plato's Economic Republicanism

西方经济共和思想可以追溯到柏拉图,他描述了一种容纳市场交易的城邦生活,但他了解到市场交易的排斥性特征,尤其是会带来贫富差距和城邦分裂,因而主张用财产公有的制度和有规划的治理来加以限制。柏拉图的这套主张来源于它对共和国性质的理解,认为好的城邦生活是一种正义的生活,而正义就是为了增进城邦总体利益而让不同类型的人各守本分,必须在这个原则下容纳并限制市场交易的活动。

The article traces the thought of economic republicanism to Plato, who described a city-state life with market exchange, but insisted on restricting market through public property and planning system because of the exclusive nature of the market exchange, especially the rich-poor gap and the division of city-state it may bring. The set of proposals were based on his understanding of ＂republic＂, which indicates that a good city-state life is a kind of just one, which aims to improve general wellbeing of the city-state and let everyone perform the function for which he/she is best suited, and under this principal the market exchange is exercised and restricted.