长春市0～6岁儿童矿物质缺乏情况的调查

An investigation of deficiencies in 5 minerals of children aged 0 - 6 years in Changchun city

目的了解长春市0—6岁儿童体内矿物质缺乏情况及规律。方法采取分层整群抽样的方法确定样本量，用原子吸收光谱法测末梢全血中的矿物质含量，用EpiData录入调查表，建立数据库，采用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果长春市0～6岁儿童5种矿物质缺乏检出率由高向低的顺序分别为锌、铁、钙、铜、镁；不同年龄段锌、钙、铁的缺乏检出率比较差异有统计学意义（，分别为1044．1611、237．9805、164．8455，均P〈0．001）。婴儿4个月时是缺锌的最高峰；新生儿时期是钙缺乏的最高峰，但其在3、21、72个月时也易缺钙；儿童的铁缺乏率高峰分别在1～3、6～8、12～15、21、42、72个月时。农村儿童缺锌率、缺铁率高于城区儿童；儿童的5种矿物质缺乏率无性别差异（均P〉0．05）。结论长春市0～6岁儿童缺锌、缺钙率处于全国中等水平，农村儿童缺锌、缺铁率高于城市儿童。因此，应重视母亲孕晚期补充锌、钙、铁；及时给婴儿添加辅食，使其养成良好的饮食习惯；重视学龄前儿童的补钙；重视对农村儿童家长喂养知识方面的健康教育。

Objective To investigate current situation of deficiencies in 5 minerals of children aged 0 - 6 years in Changchun city. Methods In stratified cluster sampling method, the subjects were selected. By using atomic absorption spectrometry, contents of 5 minerals in perinpheral whole blood of children aged 0 -6 years were detected. The data were entered with Epi Data and were analyzed with SAS softwear. Results The order in deficiency rate of 5 minerals from high to low among children aged 0 - 6 years in Changchun city were zinc, iron, calcium, copper and magnesium. In detectable rates of deficiency in zinc, calcium and iron there were significant differences between different age groups （Х^2 = 1 044. 1611,237. 9805, 164. 8455 respectively, all P 〈 0. 001 ）. The peak of zinc deficiency rate occurred in 4 months of age. The peaks of calcium deficiency rate occurred in neonatal period and at 0 month, 3 months, 21 months and 72 months of age. The peaks of iron deficiency rate occurred in 1 - 3 months, 6 - 8 months, 12 - 15 months of age and at 21 months, 42 months and 72 months of age respectively. The incidence rates of zinc and iron deficiencies in children in rural areas were higher than in urban areas. In deficiency rates of 5 minerals there were no significant differences between the two genders （ all P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The rates of zinc and calcium deficiency in children aged 0 -6 yeas in Changehun city are in middle level of the whole nation. The rates of zinc and iron deficiency in rural children are higher than urban areas. So, supplementation of zinc, iron and calcium for late pregnant women should be put more stresses. The infants should be added complementary foods in time and cultivate them a good dietary habbit. Calcium should be supplemented for those preschool children. The health education about how to feed their children for rural parents should be strengthened.