深圳市罗湖区2004～2008年出生缺陷监测情况分析

An analysis of surveillance results of birth defect in Luohu district, Shenzhen city in period 2004 -2008

目的掌握深圳市罗湖区近5年围产儿出生缺陷水平、变化趋势、缺陷类型、缺陷儿的结局等情况，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法对罗湖区2004～2008年围产儿出生缺陷资料进行回顾性分析，对出生缺陷发生率、缺陷类型、结局等进行统计分析。结果罗湖区2004—2008年出生缺陷发生率依次为16．99‰、21．96‰、19．70‰、16．06‰和19．03‰。5年总体出生缺陷率为18．67％o。流动人口出生缺陷率高于户籍和暂住人口（Х^2=4．41，P=0．0360；Х^2=12．77，P=0．0004）；男婴出生缺陷率高于女婴（Х^2=4．71，P=0．0299）；出生缺陷的发生不存在季节性差异（雷氏Z值为2．524，P〉0．05）。前5位出生缺陷依次为先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、外耳畸形、胎儿水肿综合征、尿道下裂。结论2004～2008年罗湖区围产儿出生缺陷发生率总体变化不大，要制定相关措施，提高出生缺陷孕期筛查的广度和筛查水平，从而降低围产儿死亡率，提高人口素质。

Objective To investigate prevalence rate, type, change trend of birth defect and outcome of defective perinatal infants in a 5- year period in Luohu district, Shenzhen city, so as to provide basis for formulating preventive measures. Methods The data of birth defect of perinatal infants in a period from 2004 to 2008 in Luohu district, Shenzhen city were retrospectively analysed to investigate prevalence rate, type of birth defect and outcome of defective perinatal infants. Results The prevalence rates of birth defect in the years 2004 - 2008 were 16.99‰, 21.96‰, 19.70‰, 16.06‰ and 19.0‰ respectively. The overall 5-year prevalence rate of birth defect was 18.67‰. The prevalence rate of birth defect was significantly higher in floating population than those in permanent or temporary resident population （Х^2 =4.41, P =0. 0360;Х^2 = 12.77, P =0. 0004） and that in male perinatal infants was higher than that in female perinatal infants（Х^2 = 4.71, P = 0. 0299）. There was no season difference in prevalence rate of birth defect （Rayleigh＇ s test： Z = 2. 524, P 〉 0.05）. The sequences of top 5 birth defects were congenital heart defect, polydactyly, deformity of external ear, fetus edema syndrome （Sehridde syndrome ） and hypospadia. Conclusion The annual prevalence rate of birth defect in Luohu district, Shenzhen city in the period from 2004 to 2008 remains a relatively steady level. The corresponding measures should be formulated to raise the screening width and level of birth defect in pregnancy so as to reduce mortality rate of perinatal infants to improve quality of the population.