日光温室西葫芦株型及其对产量形成的影响研究

Plant type of Cucurbita pepo L. in sunlight greenhouse and its effect on yield formation

选取近年来国内外广泛栽培的8个西葫芦品种为试材,在日光温室中对影响西葫芦株型的14个形态指标进行研究,分析了影响西葫芦株型的主要形态指标,探讨了西葫芦株型对产量形成的影响。结果表明:反映西葫芦株型的主要指标是株高、茎节长、平均叶面积、功能叶片数和叶片倾角;通过聚类分析把参试品种分为两类4个亚类,即矮蔓Ⅰ(Ⅰ1和Ⅰ2)和半矮蔓Ⅱ(Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2)。株型对西葫芦产量形成有较大影响,半矮蔓品种总产量显著高于矮蔓品种,产量差异主要在生育后期形成。通径分析表明茎节对产量具有较大调节作用,功能叶片数对产量的直接作用最大,达1.2380。在日光温室高产西葫芦育种和栽培中,要注重构建功能叶片数达12片以上、平均叶面积达700～800cm2、节间长平均在3.3cm左右、上层叶倾角在45°～66°之间的株型,以获得较高产量。

Eight common domestically and foreign cultivated Cucurbita pepo L.cultivars were selected to study 14 morphological indexes influencing plant type under sunlight greenhouse.And effects of plant type on yield formation was discussed.Results show that the main morphological indexes influencing plant type are plant height,internode length,average leaf area,functional leaf quantity and leaf angle.By using cluster analysis,the tested cultivars are classified into two groups （bush vineⅠand semi-bush vine Ⅱ） and four sub-groups （Ⅰ1,Ⅰ2,Ⅱ1 and Ⅱ2）.Plant type has a more important effect on C.pepo yield formation.Total yields of the semi-bush vine cultivars are obviously higher than those of the bush vine cultivars and the yield difference mainly forms in the late growth stage.Path analysis shows that internode length plays an important role in yield formation,and the direct effect of function leaf quantity on yield is the strongest,reaching 1.238 0.In breeding and cultivating high yield C.pepo in sunlit greenhouse,emphasis should be placed on the construction of plant type with over 12 functional leaves,average leaf area of 700～800 cm 2,average internode length of approximately 3.3 cm and upper leaf angle of 45°～66°.