稻田养鱼与常规稻田耕作模式的综合效益比较研究——以浙江省青田县为例

Evaluation of comprehensive benefit of rice-fish agriculture and rice monocropping——A case study of Qingtian County,Zhejiang Province

农业是整个国民经济发展的基础,不可否认现代化大规模农业生产在保障粮食数量安全方面贡献巨大,但在一些适合小规模耕作的山区,经典的传统农业模式比常规农业耕作方式更具优势。本文基于生态价值观,以浙江省青田县稻鱼共生系统和常规稻作系统为例,针对农户和国家两个不同层次主体,综合计算了上述两种农业生产模式的效益。结果表明,就直接经济收入而言,稻鱼共生系统的净收入比常规稻作系统高2184元·hm-2,投入多1453元·hm-2,其投入产出比和投资利润率较低;但若考虑社会-经济-生态综合效益,稻鱼共生系统的生态系统服务价值比常规稻作系统高7447元·hm-2,平均每公顷的综合价值高9631元,同时其投入产出比和投资利润率优于常规稻作系统。基于效益分析,稻鱼共生系统的补偿标准下限为6532元·hm-2,上限为16045元·hm-2,政府可以通过对农户的补贴实现直接经济价值和社会综合效益的双赢。

Agriculture is the backbone of national economies of developing countries.On the one hand,the development of modern agriculture and agricultural mechanization plays an important role in food supply.On the other hand,some outstanding traditional agricultural models are better adapted for mountainous areas.The value of rice-fish agriculture and rice monocropping in Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province was comprehensively evaluated using ecological economic models.Results of the study show that net income from rice-fish agriculture is 2 184 Yuan·hm-2 higher than that of rice monocropping.However,there is an additional cost of 1 453 Yuan per hectare,implying that Return on Investment （ROI） of rice-fish agriculture is less than that of rice monocropping.Furthermore,ecological service value and comprehensive benefit of rice-fish agriculture are 7 447 Yuan·hm-2 and 9 631 Yuan·hm-2 higher respectively than those of rice monocropping,and ROI and ROI % are higher in rice-fish agriculture than rice monocropping.To adopt the rice-fish agriculture widely as it contributes more to society and the ecosystem,the government compensation should be provided to farmer with a base point of 6 532 Yuan·hm-2 and upper limit of 16 045 Yuan·hm-2.