近十年明清宗族研究综述

A summary of studies on the clan of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the last ten years

明清时期断代性综合研究以及闽粤、长江中游(鄂湘赣)、江南(江浙皖)、北方(晋冀鲁豫陕)的地域性宗族研究,展示出明清时期宗族组织普及的时间差与区域分布,地域性宗族的特殊性和一般性。最有挑战性的是华北宗族研究,北方宗族形态的特色日渐清晰。受到乡约保甲的深刻影响,明代宗族乡约化,清代宗族受保甲影响出现族正,在闽台地区深入基层社会。宗族研究不应忽略族学、书院等地方文化内容。宗族的形成发展也与移民、开发联系在一起,祖先传说的故事结合地方社会才能深刻理解。解析祖先故事成为宗族研究的重要途径,族谱世系的早期部分也焕发出新的资料价值。田野调查与改变解读史料的方式在宗族研究中十分必要。

The comprehensive and regional studies on the clan of the Ming and Qing Dynasties including Fujian and Guangdong, Yangtze River, Jiangnan and the north reveal the time difference of spreading and the geographical distribution of the clan organization, regional clan＇s specificity and general features. The most challenging study is the north clan whose characteristics increasingly clear. Profoundly influenced by the community covenant and Bao -jia system, elan system integrated with community covenant in the Ming Dynasty. The clan elder emerged in the Qing Dynasty and extended to the grass - roots unit in Fujian and Taiwan. We shouldn＇ t ignore the local culture in the clan study such as clan schools and academies. The formation and development of the clan linked with immigration and area development. Only combined with local society, the story of ancestral legends can be deeply understood. Analysis of ancestral legends becomes an important way to clan study and the early part of the genealogy lineage shows new data value. It is necessary to do fieldwork and read the historical data from different angles in the clan study.