1999-2008年南充高坪区麻疹的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiology of Measles in Gaoping District in Nanchong,1999-2008

目的分析南充高坪区1999—2008年麻疹的流行特征。方法采用描述流行病学方法，对南充市高坪区1999—2008年麻疹疫情进行分析。结果1999—2008年南充市高坪区共报告麻疹病例1186例，年平均报告发病率为20．62／10万，病例主要集中在5～10岁儿童，占病例总数的66．78％，10岁组发病数最高，发病专率为39．06‰，10年间，2007年发病数最高（331例），年发病率为56．43／10万，开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫后2008年发病数最低（9例），年发病率为1．5／10万。季节高峰分别在4～6月和12、1月，各占病例总数的58．35％。14．84％。结论南充市高坪区存在麻疹疫苗常规基础免疫接种率高，发病率仍然居高的现象。为降低发病率，减少麻疹暴发或流行，进一步提高基础免疫质量，完善加强免疫措施，适时开展强化免疫活动，是控制麻疹的重要策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Gaoping district from 1999 to 2008. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of measles epidemic during this period. Results A total of 1186 measles cases were reported in Gaoping from 1999 to 2008 with the average annual incidence rate of 20, 62/10^5 , The cases mainly occurred among children aged 5 - 10 years, accounting for 66. 78% of the total cases, the case number in 10 years age group was highest with the incidence rate of 39.06 , 2007 witnessed the highest incidence （331cases） with the average annual incidence rate of 56. 43/100. 000 and the lowest incidence （9 cases） was observed in 2008 when supplementary immunization activity （SIA） of measles had been implemented with the average annual incidence rate of 1.5/ 100. 000. The incidence peaks was found during April - June and during December January, accounting for 58.35% and 14.84% of the total cases respectively. Conclusion The routine measles vaccination rate in Gaoping was high, but the incidence of measles was still high. Increasing routine vaccination quality, improving immunization strategy and conducting appropriate SIA are the important strategies to reduce the incidence of measles as well as the outbreak or epidemic of measles.