中国当代文艺理论中的人性、人道主义问题

The Problem of Human Nature and Humanism in Contemporary Chinese Art Theory

新中国成立以来,中国文论界就人性、人道主义及其与文艺的关系问题,展开了广泛而热烈的讨论。这些讨论主要分为两个时期:在20世纪50、60年代,主流文论界基本上通过批判的方式以阶级性替代、否定了人性,也否定了文艺表现人性的必要性、重要性,其结论和批判的方式都严重地影响了学术的健康发展;20世纪70、80年代,由于学术环境的改变,随着文艺、文论的拨乱反正,文论界、美学界、哲学界逐渐正视这个问题,就人性、人道主义的含义,人道主义与马克思主义的关系,人性、人道主义与文艺的关系等问题展开了比较自由的讨论,但是,就基本观点而言,学界仍然存在着一定相当大的差别、分歧,甚至严重的对立。尽管如此,大多数学者仍然肯定了人性、人道主义,马克思主义与它们的联系,以及文艺表现人性、人情的重要性。这两次讨论主要针对人性与人的阶级性、社会性的关系,力图把文艺从"极左"政治的束缚中解脱出来,也澄清了不少理论问题、促进了文艺创作与批评,具有理论价值和实践意义。目前,经济、金钱已经对人的存在与人的全面发展产生了不良的影响,探讨人性、人道主义及其与文艺的关系,有助于促进新形势下文艺的健康发展。

Since the foundation of PR. China, Chinese critics have had extensive discussion on the relationship among human nature, humanism and art. The discussion is mainly divided into two periods. The first is in the 1950s and 1960s, when the mainstream critics, through repudiation, replaced and denied human nature, as well as the necessity and importance of art representing human nature, with the result and repudiating approach severely interfering with the healthy development of academy. The second is in the 1970s and 1980s, when, with the change of the academic environment, scholars in criticism, aesthetics and philosophy gradually face this problem and had relatively free discussion on such problems as the meaning of human nature and humanism, the relationship between humanism and Marxism, and the among human nature, humanism, and art. However, as far as the basis idea is concerned, there exists considerable disagreement, even contradiction, but most scholars still agreed on human nature, humanism, their relation-ship with Marxism, and the importance of art representing human nature and human sympathy. The discussion in the two periods mainly focuses on the relationship between human nature and human class and sociability, endeavoring to free art from the restriction of ＂ extreme - Left＂ politics. It clarifies many problems in theory and improves the creation and criticism of art ; thus, it is of theoretical value and practical significance. At present, economy and money has exerted negative influence upon human existence and human overall development; discussing the relationship among human nature, humanism and art is helpful to promote the healthy development of art under the new circumstance.