解析清代民间调处成因

The causes of nongovernmental intermediation in Qing Dynasty

随着封建经济的日益发展,封建社会关系也日趋复杂化,民事诉讼亦逐渐增多。到了清代,清代民事诉讼一个显著特征就是经过民间调处的方式解决占了相当大的部分。由于国家的提倡和大力支持,各级行政司法机关办案效率低下对两造诉讼的消极影响,宗族组织对族众诉讼的限制以及诉讼当事人对高额诉讼费用的承受力低下,都促使诉讼双方选择民间调处的方式来解决问题。这些不同的利益集团,根据自身的利益采取不同的手段来影响诉讼过程的进行,从而维护各自的既得利益。

The development of feudal economy and complication of feudal social relation result in the increase of civilian lawsuits. In Qing Dynasty, most of civilian lawsuits are sovled by nongovernmental intermediation, which is the most distinctive feature. The advocate and supporting of central government, the negative influence of administrative inefficiency on bilateral action, the limit of clan to class action suit and the high legal fare of lawsuits make civilian lawsuit be solved by nongovernmental intermediation. These different interest groups influence lawsuits with different ways according to their own interests so as to defense their vested interests.