世界蜜环菌属系统学研究进展

Advances in the Studies of Systematics of Armillaria All over the World

对世界蜜环菌属真菌的系统学研究进行了全面系统的归纳总结,其中包括蜜环菌属的建立、生物种概念引入、蜜环菌研究的过程和重要意义、当前世界蜜环菌生物种的研究概况以及用其它如分子生物学方法等对世界蜜环菌属真菌的研究。结果发现,Arm illaria(Fr.:Fr.)Staude是蜜环菌属有效的合法名称;单孢菌株和子实体组织分离菌株菌落形态的差异是鉴定异宗配合蜜环菌生物种的基础;在配对培养的不同生物种的菌落相交的地方会产生种间黑线,是鉴定同宗配合蜜环菌生物种的基础。文章认为,目前世界蜜环菌生物种的报导情况是欧洲7个,北美10个,非洲5个,澳洲5个,亚洲根据报道至少存在19个生物种,而报道过的同宗配合的生物种研究还不透彻,因此蜜环菌属未来生物种的研究重点将在亚洲地区;分子生物学的方法,尤其是DNA序列分析的方法已经日益广泛地应用于蜜环菌的系统学研究。

This paper summarizes the origin and recent studies of systematic of the genus Armillaria. It is comprised of the establishment of Armillaria, the process and significance of mating tests, overview of the biological species investigation of Armillaria worldwide, and other methods related to studying Armillaria, especially molecular techniques. As the results, Armillaria （ Fr. ： Fr. ） Staude is the legitimate and valid name. Macromorphoiogical differences between monosporous and tissue cultures of heterothallic Armillaria are the basis of identifying heterothallic Armillaria biological species. The formation of a raised black line of mycelium at the confluence of the confronted cultures of different biological species is the basis of identifying homothallic ArmiUaria biological species. Until now 7, 10, 5 and 5 biological species have been reported from Europe, North America, Africa, and Australia respectively. In Asia, at least 19 biological species have been reported. The homothallic biological species in Asia are still not well known. Molecular techniques, especially DNA sequence analysis have been used in Armillaria taxonomy. Asia will be the center of Armillaria biological species in future, and DNA sequence should be considered for systematic studies of the Armillaria.