中国农民集体行动研究:回顾与前瞻

COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF CHINESE FARMERS—REFLECTIONS AND PROSPECT

由于社会转型的加快与制度建设的缓慢,导致农民利益表达受阻,由此引发农民集体行动增多,这引起了研究者的高度关注,并逐渐形成了一系列对话式的讨论,推进了农民集体行动的范式思考与公共政策设计。我国早期的理论研究受西方社会运动理论影响很大,但无论就社会运动的概念或中西的不同社会背景而言,这一理论都很难套用于中国农民集体行动的研究;近期的研究多纠缠于"道义小农"与"理性小农"之争。从既注重个案研究也注重整体研究的角度来看,对中国农民集体行动要根据其动力机制、动员机制、机会结构、策略运用、面临的困境等因素将其划分为不同的类型进行分类研究,方可形成农民集体行动的类型学划分,并在制度层面应对不同类型的农民集体行动。

The quickening of social transformation and tardiness in system establishment restrain farmers' expression of their interests and thus lead to increased problems in farmers' collective behavior,which attracts researchers' interests.Those researches greatly promote studies on public policy design.However,Western social movement theory does not apply to China because of the differences in both social background and notions on social movement.Recent researches mostly focus on the definition of moral peasants and rational peasants. The authors think that studies on farmers' collective behavior should focus on both individual cases and integral framework.Different measures are suggested to deal with different types of farmer collective behaviors which can be classified by dynamic mechanism,mobilization mechanism,opportunity structure,strategy application and plight presented.