上海市浦东新区企业职业卫生管理人员的调查和思考

Investigation and Thinking about Occupational Health Management Staff of 300 Enterprises

目的了解企业职业卫生管理人员对职业卫生工作的认识、态度和对卫生监督的态度等情况,以更好地开展职业卫生教育和卫生监督。方法对上海市浦东新区内300余家的企业职业卫生管理人员进行问卷调查。结果312家企业职业卫生管理人员多为兼职(70.2%),从事职业卫生工作时间短(1年以下占25.3%),对职业卫生知识自我评价为熟悉和掌握的仅35%,同时也出现企业领导不支持(10.3%)和员工不理解(19.9%)的困难。对卫生监督员重要的素质分别是法律与专业知识(57.1%)、良好的沟通技能(56.7%)、认真严谨的工作方法(32.4%)、同情心和同理心等(31.4%),获取职业卫生的知识途径以卫生部门培训(83.7%)和网络(59.6%)为主。结论企业应设置专职的职业卫生管理岗位并进行专业培训,理顺利益相关者关系,探讨职业卫生监管模式和执法理念,改进职业卫生教育途径、加强卫生监督员的业务素质和人文素质。

[ Objective] To understand the enterprise＇s occupational health management staff＇s attitude and understanding of occupational health and the health supervision so as to carry out occupational health education and health supervision better. [ Methods ] Occupational health management staff of 300 enterprises in Pudong New Area were investigated by questionnaire. [ Results] Most occupational health managers were part-time（ 70.2% } , with short term of occupational health work（ 25.3% less than 1 year） ; only 35% self-estimated as ＂grasping the occupational health knowledge＂. 10.3% had not got enough support from enterprise leader, 19.9% had not got the understanding from other staff. The importance of the quality of health supervisor were legal and professional knowledge 157.1% ） , good communication skills / 56.7% ） , strict work methods （ 32.4% ） , and sympathy 131.4% ）. 83.7% obtained occupational knowledge via training, while 59.6% via website. [ Conclusion] Enterprise should setup full-time position and training system for occupational health, adjust the relation of stakeholders, explore occupational health supervision model and law enforcement concept, improve occupational health education, and enhance health supervisor＇s professional quality and humanistic quality.