湖南省湘西州流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemic Characteristics of Japanese B Encephalitis in Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan Province

目的了解湖南省湘西州流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的动态变化趋势及流行病学特征,为制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法对湖南省湘西州1950—2008年间的乙脑疫情报告资料进行整理分析,采用描述流行病学方法,分析乙脑流行病学特征。结果湖南省湘西州1950—2008年发病率为0～30.2/10万,年平均发病率为6.05/10万,年平均死亡率为0.68/10万,平均病死率为11.21%。散居儿童发病1290例,占78.13%;<5岁儿童发病占68.32%,5～9岁儿童占26.53%;7—8月发病占全年病占全年病例数的84.82%。2005年以来,78.05%病例无免疫史或免疫史不详。结论发病人数以散居儿童为主,以乙脑疫苗接种为主的综合防制措施,降低了乙脑的发病率,预防控制乙脑要重点抓好农村边远山区散居儿童的乙脑疫苗常规接种工作,落实防蚊灭蚊措施。

[ Objective] To understand the dynamic variation and epidemiologic features of Japanese B encephalitis（ JE） in Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan Province, and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods ] Report data of JE disease in Xiangxi Prefecture from 1950--2008 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the epidemiologic features of JE. [ Results] The annual incidence of JE was 0 -30.2/100 000 in Xiangxi Prefecture from 1950--2008; the average incidence, average annual mortality rate, and average fatality rate was 6.05/100 000 ,0.86/100 000 and 11.2% , respectively. 78.3% of the cases were scattered children, the children aged 〈 5 years accounted for 68.32%, 5 to 9 years accounted for 26.53%. Cases occurred from July to August accounted for 84.82% of the total cases. 77.86% of the cases had unclear or no history of immunization since 2005. [ Conclusion] Most JE cases are scattered children. The comprehensive control measures are based mainly on vaccination, which can effectively reduce the incidence of JE, is the key to control JE epidemic among scattered children in rural and remote mountainous areas. The anti-mosquito measures should also be implemented.