诱抗剂处理对甜瓜叶部病害和果实品质的影响

Effects of elicitor treatments on leaf diseases and fruit quality of melon

以抗病品种银帝和感病品种卡拉克赛为材料,在露地条件下研究了几种植物提取液和苯并噻二唑(BTH)处理对甜瓜主要叶部病害及果实大小和品质的影响。结果表明,BTH、中草药提取液和侧柏提取液对甜瓜叶部各种主要病害的发生都有明显的抑制效果,尤其对白粉病的抑制效果最好,平均防效达75%。4种诱导剂中,BTH对各种病害的防效都较稳定,平均达51.44%,且在幼果期和伸蔓期+幼果期的预防效果均较植物提取液好。采前诱抗处理能明显提高两品种甜瓜果实品质及抗病品种(银帝)的产量,但对感病品种卡拉克赛产量影响不显著;初花期BTH处理可增加果肉厚度、提高可溶性固形物含量,并能改善果实经济性状。

The effects of treatments with several plant extracts and BTH on leaf diseases and fruit size and quality of melon were studied with disease resistant cultivar Yindi and susceptible cultivar Kalakesai. The results showed that all treatments had significant inhibitory effect on the incidence of various melon leaf diseases,particularly to powdery mildew with prevention effect of 75%. Among all the chemicals,BTH was more stable than others on effectiveness to various diseases,averaging 51.44%. And its preventive effects at vine running and fruit development stages were better than those of plant extracts. Treatments with revulsants before harvesting can notably increase the melon yield and fruit size,soluble solids and flesh firmness. The effect of inducers on yield of Yindi was more remarkable than that of Kalakesai; however,the effect on soluble solids content of Kalakesai was more than that of Yindi.