论战后日本农户的兼业现象及对中国农业现代化的启示

Postwar Japanese Farmer's Pluralism Phenomenon and Its Revelation for China's Agricultural Modernization

战后日本农业现代化进程中,大量兼业现象在日本的长期存在,与日本对农业的过度保护政策紧密相关。为了解决农业效率低下的问题,日本政府的基本思路是在逐渐开放农产品市场的大背景下鼓励支持专业农户的发展,发展农业的规模化经营,提高日本农产品的国际竞争力。对于中国的农业现代化而言,对农业的保护要适度,农业的基本出路是技术密集和资本密集的规模化经营;政府要改革户籍制度,打破城乡二元结构,加强土地流转,推进农村地区的工业化和城镇化建设。

There are a large number of pluralism phenomenon in the process of agricultural modernization in postwar Japan. The long-term presence in Japan is closely related with the over-protection policies in agriculture of Japan. In order to solve the problem of low agricultural efficiency, the Japanese Government＇s basic idea is to gradually opening up the agricultural markets in the context of support for professional farmers to encourage the development of large-scale operation of agricultural development and improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products in Japan. For China＇s agricultural modernization, in terms of protection for agriculture should be modest, but to technology-intensive and capital-intensive large-scale operation. To this end, the Government should reform the household registration system, to break the urban-rural dual structure, strengthen the land circulation, to promote rural industrialization and urbanization.