论五四时期的民粹主义

A Discussion on Populism during the May 4th Movement

中国近代存在着浓厚的民粹主义倾向,并在五四时期得到集中体现。五四时期的民粹主义,除了揭露资本主义罪恶并主张中国走非资本主义前途外,主要有四个基本特征:一是劳动主义的兴起及对劳动、劳工的推崇;二是平民主义思潮兴起及对民众力量的重视;三是呼吁到农村去、到工厂去,到民间去;四是对知识及知识分子的贬低,反智主义萌动。民粹主义倾向与启蒙主义的内在冲突,对五四新文化运动的历史走向产生了重大影响,使其逐渐偏离了启蒙轨道,走向了"后五四时代"的平民主义激进之路。

A strong Populism tendency existed in modern China, concentratively embodied in the period of the May 4th Movement. Except for exposing the evils of Capitalism and advocating a non-capitalism future for China, the Populism in the period of the May 4th Movement had four basic characteristics as follows： the first was the rising of the labor ideology and the respect for labor and laborers; the second was the emergence of the populist ideas and the concern with the masses＇ strength; the third was the appeal for going to the countryside, going to factories, and going among the people; the fourth was belittling knowledge and intellectuals and the anti-intel- lectualism burgeoning. The inherent conflict between Populism and the Enlightenment had a significant impact on the historical direction of the May 4th New Culture Movement, which thus deviated from the Enlightenment track and switched onto a ＂post-May 4th＂, radical road of Populism.