宋代后妃参政和“皇帝与士大夫共治天下”

Empresses of the Song Dynasty Participating in Government Administration

后妃参与政治是一个不可避免的现象,由此导致外戚干政在中国历史上屡见不鲜。然而有宋一代不闻外戚把权,更未因此而造成严重的政治后果。相反,宋代后妃持政多有善举,政绩突出。宋代后妃参与政治基本成功,这种情形在中国历史上是少见的。解析宋代后妃与政的成功,其根本原因在于宋代所奉行的"皇帝与士大夫共治天下"这一基本国策。

Empress participating in government was an inevitable phenomenon, a common occurrence in Chinese history. But in the Song Dynasty the empresses＇control did not cause any serious political problems. On the contrary, they got outstanding achievements in politics. This indicates that the Empress in the Song Dynasty participated in politics successfully. Basically the success lies in their basic national policy：Emperor and Literary Intelligentsia were to govern the country together.