广州流动人口空间分布变化特征及原因分析

ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTIVE LAWS OF FLOATING POPULATION IN GUANGZHOU

流动人口的大量出现是当代中国城市化和现代化进程中的重要事件,对于中国流动人口的研究引起了学界的高度关注。以中国特大城市——广州为例,首先系统分析了广州流动人口近30年空间分布变化规律,发现流动人口总体分布具有近郊区指向、文化程度较高者多集聚于发展新区、产业转型与转移对流动人口职业分布有重要影响、以户籍地为基础的集聚区经济形态已经出现。此外,全球化背景下广州出现了跨国移民聚居区的基本雏形。其次,对其原因进行归纳,包括城市发展格局的演变及产业地域转移、户籍和劳动力二元市场等制度因素及人力和社会资本的拥有状况。

Floating population plays a vital part in China＇s current urbanization and modernization. Studies on floating population have been a hot point for scholars from every discipline. This paper, taking Guangzhou as an example, first, analyzed the characteristics of spatial distribution of floating population in Guangzhou during 1978-2007, found that general spatial distribution of floating population was suburb-orientated, population with higher educational level tended to choose new developmental area as their destination, occupation structure was strongly influenced by industriat transition and regional shifting. What is more, Guangzhou witnessed enclave economy by native places of floating population and foreign enclaves under globalization. Then, three evolutive laws of spatial distribution of floating population were come up with, which included urban development pattern and industrial spatial transferring, registered permanent system and dual labor market system, human and social capital of floating population themselves.