补灌对旱地小麦花后旗叶和籽粒氮代谢及产量的影响

Effect of Supplementary Irrigation on the Nitrogen Metabolism at Later Developing Stages and Yield of High-yield Wheat in Dry Land

为了探讨旱地高产麦田的高产潜力,在莱阳市冯格庄的旱地高产麦田(曾多次创出旱地9 000 kg.hm-2以上产量)研究了补充灌水(简称"补灌")对旱地小麦生育后期氮代谢及产量的影响。结果表明,补灌对旱地小麦旗叶氮代谢指标有一定的调节作用。在补灌120 mm的处理中,旱地小麦达到高产水平(9 310.20 kg.hm-2)。随着补灌次数的增加,在补灌180 mm和240 mm的处理中旱地小麦旗叶的硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸含量和脯氨酸含量有所降低。在本试验条件下,补灌120 mm的处理产量最高。继续增加补灌次数,产量开始下降,甚至低于对照处理,表明合理灌溉对旱地小麦产量提高有积极的促进作用。

In order to study the yield potential in dry land of high yield winter wheat, we create conditions in dry land to study the effects of different supplementary irrigation on nitrogen metabolism in late growth stage at the village of Fenggezhuang, Laiyang （many times yield records above 9 000 kg.hm^-2 in dry land）. The results showed supplementary irrigation obviously regulated the nitrogen metabolism in dry land. With the times of supplementary irrigation increased to three and four times with each time of 60 mm , the NR activity, soluble protein content, free amino content and proline content decreased. With two times irrigation with 120 mm, the water use efficiency of the flag leaves increased at the grain filling stage （anthesis to after anthesis 35 days） and high-yield of 9 310.20 kg.hm^-2 was achieved in dry land. In this experiment, the yield of 120 mm irrigation was the highest. Increasing continuously the times of the supplementary irrigation, the yield began to decrease, even lower than CK. It showed that reasonable irrigation has a positive role in promoting the increase of wheat yield in dry land.