昆明小麦生长期需水量和缺水状况研究

Research on Water Demand and Water Shortage of Wheat Growing in Kunming

为了明确昆明地区小麦生育期需水量和缺水状况,根据田间实际观测的资料,采用FAO推荐的Pen-man-Monteith公式,以小麦各生育期为单位,分析了昆明1972-2007年小麦出苗至成熟各生育期的需水量和缺水率。结果表明,在小麦生长期,平均降雨量为142.1 mm,平均需水量为284.1 mm,小麦生长期的降雨量明显不足。在小麦拔节和孕穗期,降水亏缺率为73.0%和72.4%;抽穗和开花期,降水亏缺率达到83.5%和78.0%。在拔节至成熟期,重度和特重度水分亏缺出现频率>0.8,尤其是在抽穗、开花、乳熟期,重度和特重度水分亏缺出现的频率分别为0.86、0.95、0.89,对小麦年际生长发育和产量形成影响严重。

The deficiency of natural rainfa formation. Research on water demand an plan and increasing water use efficiency , TIAN Yah China ; 11 is one of the main factors influencing wheat growth and yield d precipitation deficit can play a guiding role in irrigation water Based on the analysis of wheat growth observational data, the wheat water requirement and precipitation deficit rates at development periods of wheat were calculated with the equation of Penman Monteith recommended by FAO. The results show that the average rainfall and average water requirement is 142. 1mm and 284. 1mm in growth season of wheat, respectively. The rainfall was obviously insufficient. The precipitation deficit rates at jointing, booting, heading and bloom ing stages was 73.0%, 72.4%, 83.5%, 78.0%, respectively. The frequency of severe and extremely severe water deficit was 〉0. 8 from jointing to maturity stage. Especially in heading, blooming and milk stage, the frequency of severe and extremely severe water deficit was 0. 86, 0. 95, 0. 89, respectively, which seriously affect the wheat growth and yield formation.