黄土旱塬施肥对土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Soil Water and Winter Wheat Yield in Dry Land of Loess Plateau

为给旱地农业水肥管理以及科学施肥提供参考依据,通过对长期定位试验条件下不同施肥处理的土壤水分和小麦产量变化进行研究,探讨了黄土高原旱地施肥对土壤水分及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,施肥对土壤剖面含水量有较大影响,各处理0-20 cm土层土壤水分含量较播前下降了4个百分点左右,20-60 cm土层剖面水分急剧下降。长期施有机肥和肥料配施均可使冬小麦加强对深层土壤水分的吸收利用,致使土壤总储水量下降,下降幅度最大的是氮肥与有机肥配施（NM）、氮磷与有机肥配施（NPM）、有机肥单施（M）和磷肥与有机肥配施（PM）,较对照分别下降了28%、24%、21%和20%。施肥对小麦产量影响极显著,单施有机肥或肥料配施可使冬小麦产量增产75%以上,其中氮磷配施（NP）、有机肥单施（M）和磷有机肥配施（PM）三处理增产在90%以上。磷肥与有机肥配施（PM）水分利用效率最高,较对照提高了106.6%。

The effects of fertilization on soil water and wheat yield was carried out in dry land of Loess Plateau based on the long-term fixed experiments. The results showed that there were no significantly differences on the distribution of soil water in the single chemical fertilizer treatments. Single manure and the combination of fertilizer enhanced the water absorption of wheat from the deeper layers, which resulted to the decrease of soil water pondage. Of all the treatments, the pondage decreased by 28% in the NM treatment, 24%in the NPM treatment, 21% in the M treatment and 20% in the PM treatment. The wheat yields were significantly different in the different fertilizer treatments. The yield increased by more than 75% in the single manure and the combination of fertilizer treatments, and in the NP, M and PM treatments were more than 90%. The highest water use efficiency was in the PM treatment, increased by 106.6% compared to the control.