四种细胞质六千辛A粳稻不育系育种利用特性的比较研究

Comparative Study on Breeding Utilization Characteristics of the Isonuclear Alloplasmic Japonica CMS Lines Liuqianxin A with Four Different Cytoplasm Sources

对由粳稻品系六千辛转育成的4种细胞质的一套同核异质不育系的不育性、开花习性、异交特性及可恢复性进行了鉴定。结果表明:(1)包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(CL)型六千辛A花粉以染败为主,WA型六千辛A花粉100%典败;BT型六千辛A平均自交结实率为0.60%,生产应用的安全性较差;HL型、CL型六千辛A无自交结实现象,不育性较BT型六千辛A稳定。(2)不育系的花粉败育程度影响倒一节间长度,花粉败育越彻底,倒一节间越短,从而使穗伸出度和株高相应缩短;因此,WA型六千辛A表现包颈,而BT型、HL型、CL型六千辛A均无包颈。(3)WA型六千辛A开花不集中,花时明显滞后,花期明显拉长,异交结实率低;HL型、CL型六千辛A的开花习性及异交结实率与BT型六千辛A无显著差异,明显好于WA型六千辛A。(4)BT型六千辛A的可恢复性最好,HL型、CL型六千辛A次之,WA型六千辛A最难恢复;从BT型粳稻恢复系中可以筛选到HL型或CL型粳稻不育系的恢复系。HL型、CL型粳稻不育系较好地协调了育性稳定性、开花习性和可恢复性几方面的矛盾。因此,选育HL型、CL型粳稻不育系及其相应的恢复系,可能是解决目前生产上杂交粳稻BT型不育系育性不够稳定及细胞质单一问题的突破口。

A set of isonuclear alloplasmic japonica CMS lines Liuqianxin A, constructed with four different cytoplasm sources from Hainan Male Sterile Wild Rice （WA type）, Hainan Red Awned Wild Rice （HL type）, Hunan Chaling Wild Rice （CL type）, and India Chinsurah Boro II （BT type）, respectively, together with their maintainer line Liuqianxin B, were applied to study their male sterile stability, flowering habits, outcrossing rate, and restorable ability. The results showed： （1） Most pollen granules of BT, HL and CL Liuqianxin A were mainly stained-abortion, while those of WA Liuqianxin A were mainly typical-abortion. Selfed seed-setting rate of BT Liuqianxin A was 0.60%, which would cause application risk in agricultural production. There were no selfed seeds in HL and CL Liuqianxin A, indicating that sterility of them was better than that of BT type. （2） The length of I st internode to the top was affected by the degree of abortive pollen, which influenced the plant height and the panicle exsertion （i.e. the length of panicle-neck above the sheath of flag leaf）. Namely the more serious abortive degree, the shorter panicle exsertion. Therefore, panicle was enclosed within the sheath of the flag leaf in WA Liuqianxin A, not in BT, HL, and CL Liuqianxin A. （3） The flowering habits of WA Liuqianxin A presented as sporadic flowering, distinctly lagged flowering time and stretched flowering duration, and were the worst in the four type CMS lines, thus its outcrossing rate was lower. Flowering habits and outcrossing rate between HL, CL CMS lines and BT CMS lines were not significantly different. However it was better in HL, CL CMS lines than in WA CMS lines. （4） BT Liuqianxin A showed the best restorable characteristic, HL was a little worse than BT, WA was the worst. And japonica restorers for HL or CL CMS lines could be selected from the japonica restorers for BT CMS lines. HL, CL CMS lines balanced above contradictions well, so an idea of substituting HL, CL CMS lines partly for BT type was put forward, it can be used to solve the problems of single type sterile cytoplasm in current Japonica hybrid rice and fertility not stable in BT CMS lines.