渍水时间对油菜生长及产量的影响

Effects of Waterlogging Time on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Growth and Yield

长江流域油菜生产期间雨水偏多,加上主要采用水稻油菜轮作模式,地下水位高、土壤黏重,常发生渍害。为了研究油菜各生育期渍水对其生长及产量形成的影响,设计盆栽试验,在油菜4个生育期分别进行3个不同渍水时间处理后,然后恢复正常水分管理。其中,苗期、蕾薹期分别进行10、20和30d渍水处理,花期、角果期分别进行10、15和20d渍水处理,各处理4次重复,比较2个耐渍性不同的油菜品系在各生育期的生长状况及产量。结果表明:(1)渍水影响油菜各生育期根系发育、地上部生长及最终产量的形成,并存在品种间差异;(2)苗期渍水导致叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量下降、丙二醛(MDA)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加,其变化过程在指标间存在差异;(3)以产量为指标,渍水的敏感性依次为蕾薹期、花期>苗期、角果发育成熟期;(4)研究不同渍水处理对产量的影响可为持续降雨对大面积油菜生产影响的估算提供依据。

A huge amount of precipitation and higher water table during rapeseed growing season in Yangtze River regions grown with rice and rapeseed rotation system and heavy soil result in frequent waterlogging occurrence. A pot experiment was performed at four growth stages with three waterlogging time treatments which were followed by normal water administration. Two rapeseed lines with different levels of waterlogging tolerance were used to investigate the effects of the sustainable waterlogging time on rapeseed growth and yield. The treatments were waterlogging of 10, 20 and 30 days at seedling and budding stages and 10, 15 and 20 days at flowering and maturity stages. The results showed that （1） the sustainable waterlogging time affected the development of roots, the growth of up-ground part of plant and yield, which was significantly different between two lines; （2） waterlogging at seedling stage led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves, and the increase of malondialdehyde and proline contents; （3） sensitivity to waterlogging judged by yield in different developmental stages of rapeseed ranked in the order of budding stage, flowering stage, seedling stage, podding and maturity stages; （4） the research on effects of sustainable waterlogging time on yield can provide a basis for estimating the influence of continuous rainfall on rapeseed production.