2009年大豆分子标记及辅助选择育种研究进展

Review of molecular markers and marker-assisted breeding in soybean

DNA分子标记技术、QTL定位和分子辅助选择育种的应用对优质多抗大豆品种的快速选育具有十分重要的意义。诸多重要的性状包括大豆形态性状、产量性状、品质性状、生态性状、抗生物及非生物胁迫性状等的相关QTL研究和利用在国内外均有报道。随着功能基因组学的发展和实验技术手段的进步,分子标记和QTL研究向基于基因组功能区段的新型分子标记以及QTL的精细定位研究转移已成为发展方向。目前,国外相关研究已经取得了显著成效。我国现阶段偏重于利用随机分子标记进行QTL研究,对于先进的技术手段还在起步或摸索阶段,与真正实现高效的分子辅助选择育种的目标还有一定距离。文章就2009年国内外大豆分子标记技术、分子标记辅助育种技术及应用的发展动态做一综述。

The technologies of DNA molecular markers, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection have been used widely in recent years and play a very important role in soybean breeding practice. Research and application of it has been greatly developed. A number of important traits related QTL have been studied, such as morphological traits, yield traits, quality traits, ecological traits, and biotic/abiotic stress resistance. The tendency of molecular markers and QTL study has been diverted to the functional markers studies. Recently, this new kind of research on functional markers has produced remarkable effects abroad. However, the attention of QTL related researches mainly focused on the utilization of random molecular markers. This paper reviewed the development of soybean molecular markers and marker-assisted selection breeding of soybean around the world in 2009.