5Colorni A, Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. The Ant System:Optimization by a Colony of Cooperating Agents[J ]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, 1996,26(1):1 -13.
6Bullnheimer B,Hartl R F,Strauss C. A New Rankbased Version of the Ant System: A Computational Study [ R ]. Vienna: Institute of Management Science, University of Vienna, 1997.
7Dorigo M, Cambardella L M. A Cooperative Learning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1997,1 ( 1 ) :53 -66.
10Dorigo M, Maniezzo Vittorio, Colorni Alberto. The Ant System: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents [J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics--Part B,1996, 26(1): 1-13.