音乐民族志:音乐学研究的人类学路径——兼论我国民族音乐学研究从方志集成到音乐民族志的历史进路

Ethnomusicology:the Anthropology Route For Researching Musicology

人类学民族志经历了从业余民族志到科学民族志再到实验民族志的演进,研究方法从"摇椅式"收集到"参与观察"再到主客位叙事的转变;西方音乐学也从业余的"异国情调"的音乐记录到实验室音体系比较(比较音乐学)再到关注文化研究的音乐学(民族音乐学/音乐人类学),而我国的民族音乐研究从改革开放以来的20多年里,从方志性的音乐集成编纂逐步走向音乐人类学学理,走向人类学民族志的文化"深描",进行着音乐民族志方法的实践和探索。

The evolution of ethnographic go through from the unprofessional to the scientific and experimental in the end. Its research method also changed from the way of ＂rocking-chair＂ collection to the ＂participant observation＂, then subject-object position narrative. The musicology in the West is transition from recording of exoticism music to the comparing the tune system in the laboratory （comparative musicology）, then to the ethnomusicology, which more care of culture research. The Chinese folk music research is shifted from compiling the music collection to the ethnomusicology step by step, going to the ＂thick description＂ of culture, pocessing the exploratory and practical method of musical ethnographic.