贤人之治的当代民主嬗变

The Contemporary Democratic Evolution of Ruling by Sages

从本质上看,贤人之治是一种"精英专政",在历史进程中衍生出政治的宗法化、道德化倾向,展露了其政治哲学的工具化、实用化特征,反映了传统儒学社会"公"领域的缺陷,因此与当代民主行政的核心价值相异。目前我国的民主治道变革面临双重任务:一方面,从贤人之治的传统德治主义向理性官僚制的范式变迁是民主转型的前提。另一方面,面对"后官僚时代"的挑战,治理者还须积极回应公民参与、理性行政、多元治理、公共利益等民主治理的诉求,只有这样,适合我国民主行政发育的道德生态才能孕育而生,儒学政治文明也才能在全球化时代焕发新的生命力。

In essence, ruling by sages is a ＂dictatorship of the elite＂. In the historical process there is a tendency for politics to be patriarchal and moral and the political philosophy has the instrumental and practical features, which reflects the defects of the tradi- tional Confucians in the society＇s ＂public＂ areas and differs from the core values of modem democratic administration. At present, China＇s democratic governance reforms face the double tasks： on the one hand, paradigm changes from traditional moral doctrine with ruling by sages to the rational bureaucratic system are the premise of democratic transition. On the other hand, in the face with challenges of ＂post-bureaucratic era＂, managers must respond positively to citizen participation, rational administration, multi-governance, the public interest demands and other appeals for democratic governance. Only in this way can the moral ecology suitable for China＇s development of democratic administration be created and will Confucianism＇s political philosophy display a new vitality in the era of globalization.