知识管理战略、组织能力与绩效的关系实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Relationship among Knowledge Management Strategies,Organizational Capabilities and Performance

本文在文献研究的基础上归纳出描述和测量知识管理战略的六个主要维度:外部导向、内部导向、显性导向、隐性导向、探索导向和利用导向。基于397家中国企业的问卷调查所得数据,本文检验了知识管理战略、组织能力和企业绩效三者的关系,发现知识管理战略能显著地提升组织能力,而组织能力对企业绩效有显著的促进作用,组织能力在知识管理战略与企业绩效的关系中起完全中介作用。

It is widely recognized that knowledge is an essential strategic resource for a firm to retain sustainable competitive advantage. As knowledge is created and disseminated throughout the firm, it has the potential to contribute to the firm＇s value by enhancing its capability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has encouraged managers to pay greater attention to the firms＇ knowledge management strategies. A growing body of knowledge management research has examined the range of knowledge management strategies, and attempted to classify them. A synthesis of this research suggests that knowledge management strategies can be primarily categorized based on two key theoretical frameworks （i.e., framework of Hansen et al and framework of Zack）. Because lack of appropriate scales for knowledge management strategies, and lack of consistent conclusions for indicators capturing the contribution of knowledge management strategies, the extant research investigating the relationship between knowledge management strategies and organizational performance has yielded inconclusive results. This paper initially defines six dimensions, such as external orientation, internal orientation, explicit orientation, tacit orientation, exploratory orientation, and exploitative orientation, for measuring knowledge management strategies via a literature review. The six dimensions integrated two key theoretical frameworks, framework of Hansen et al and framework of Zack. Using the data gathered through a survey of 397 Chinese enterprises, the relationships between knowledge management strategies, organizational capabilities and performance are tested empirically. The results show that knowledge management strategies have a significant positive effect on organizational capabilities, and organizational capabilities have a significant positive effect on performance also. The full mediating effects of organizational capabilities on the relationship between knowledge management strategies and performance are proved. This paper provides an available measurement framework and s,cales for knowledge management strategies, and empirically tests the relationship between knowledge management strategies and organizational performance including mediating variable （i.e., organizational capabilities）.