19世纪美国的天主教移民及其本土化研究

The Study of The United States Catholic Immigrants and Their Localization in 19^(th) Century

19世纪有大量的欧洲移民进入美国社会,其中以爱尔兰移民和德国移民的数量最大,绝大多数是天主教教徒。当时美国的新教徒占据绝对的主流,他们对代表欧洲旧势力的天主教持抵抗态度,加之移民本身的复杂性,使得这一时期天主教在美国的发展举步维艰。19世纪的美国天主教是在克服外来的反天主教势力和解决内部冲突的过程中得以生存和发展的。

In 19^th century large numbers of European emigrated to the American society, with the largest number of Irish immigrants and German immigrants, the vast majority of them were Catholics. At that time, the majority of people were Protestants in the United States. Because they had hostile attitude to Catholic church that represented the old European power, and also because of the complexity of immigrant population, the Catholic church had great difficulties developing. During the 19^th century, American Catholic church survived and developed through struggling anti-Catholic influences and solving internal conflicts.