有机肥和化肥长期配施对油稻稻三熟制作物农艺性状及产量的影响

Effect of Long-term Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure on Yield and Agronomy Characters of Crop in Raperice-rice Cropping System

通过长期的油菜-双季稻轮作制肥料定位试验,研究不同施肥制度对作物农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:与NPK处理比较,高量有机肥(60%OM)处理的增产率为43.7%(油菜)、11.6%(早稻)和7.2%(晚稻),低量有机肥(30%OM)处理的增产率为27.3%(油菜)、14.0%(早稻)和-1.4%(晚稻)。不施钾(NP)处理的油菜、早稻和晚稻分别比NPK处理减产16.8%、3.6%和3.1%,不施磷(NK)处理的油菜、早稻和晚稻分别比NPK处理减产86.7%、70.4%和40.1%。说明有机肥与化肥配施有利于油菜和水稻的生长及产量形成,同时磷素是制约该地区水稻、油菜生长的主要影响因素之一,农民在作物生产中应注重磷肥的施用。

In order to study the effects of different fertilization systems on crop yield and agronomy characters, the fertilizer locating experiment of long-term rape-rice-rice cropping system was conducted. The results showed that comparing with NPK treatment, the increasing rate of 60%OM treatment on rape, early rice and late rice were 43.7%, 11.6% and 7.2%, respectively; the increasing rate of 30%OM treatment on rape, early rice and late rice were 27.3%, 14.0% and -1.4%, respectively; the yield of rape, early rice and late rice with NP treatment decreased by 16.8%, 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively, which compared with that of NPK treatment, while the yield of rape, early rice and late rice with NK treatment decreased by 86.7%, 70.4% and 40.1%, respectively. The results indicated that the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer was beneficial to crop growth and yield formation of rape and rice, and the phosphorus is one of the major factors which restricted crop growth of rape and rice. It should be paid attention to phosphorus application during crop production in this area.