对女性贞节的关注与期望——从戏剧冲突的设置看《窦娥冤》的创作意图

Concerns and Expectations of Women’s Chastity——Creative Intent of Drama "Dou E Yuan" From the Perspective of Drama Conflict Setting

杂剧《窦娥冤》的主要戏剧冲突并非官府与窦娥之间的压迫与反压迫,而是窦娥与张驴儿父子及蔡婆婆"三人同盟"之间的守志与夺志;《窦》剧虽然在客观上描绘了一幅极端黑暗的社会图景,但其意图并非以窦娥的被害来批判和否定当下的制度,而主要是通过描述寡妇(蔡婆)再醮和逼迫寡妇(窦娥)改志的"乱纲常"行为造成的严重灾难来表明对妇女贞节问题的态度——关注和期望。窦娥悲剧得以形成,与其说是阶级的压迫,不如说是男权法律的不公与漏洞。

The main theater conflict of Zaju ＂Dou E Yuan＂ is not about the oppression and anti-oppression between the officials and Dou E, the widow, but about the chastity-keeping and chastity-takeaway between Dou E and the ＂three-person alliance＂ of Donkey Zhang, his father and Cai, the mother-in-law of Dou E. While drama ＂Dou E Yuan＂ objectively painted an extreme dark picture of the society, its intent is not to use the story of Dou E＇s being killed to negate and criticize the political system at that time, but to depict the severe disruption of the moral norms caused by the remarrying of mother Cai and the forced marrying of Dou E to Donkey Zhang, and thus show the author＇s attitude towards the issue of women＇s chastity - his concerns about and expectations of women＇s chastity. The tragedy of Dou E is rather the result of the injustice and loopholes in the law existed in the man-dominated society than the result of class oppression.