论科学的六大研究传统

Six Research Traditions of Scientific Development

笔者认为,存在着促进科学发展的三对、六大研究传统:经验传统与理性传统、实验传统与数学传统、实用传统与浪漫传统。研究传统是科学家从事科学研究的思维方式和行为模式,但不是科学理论本身,且研究传统与其科学理论之间也不是一种逻辑上的推出关系。其中,每一对研究传统之间是不可通约而又相互补充的关系,但不是对立和对抗的关系。科学的发展是由这六大研究传统相互融合、共同促进的。如果承认这六大研究传统的实在性,就必须承认知识相对论立场的正当性:相信通往真理的大门不止一个,而是多个。不管从哪道门找到通往真理的大门,其理论的真理性都必须接受唯物论"试金石"的检验:物象与物自体之间是否具有真实的结合关系。

The author believes that there are three couples of research traditions that promote science development： empirical and rational tradition, experimental and mathematical tradition, practical and romantic tradition. Research tradition is the thinking mode and behavior pattern of scientists to do scientific research rather than the scientific theory itself, and also, the scientific theory is not logical output of its research tradition. Each couple of the research traditions is incommensurable and mutually complemental, hut not opposite and antagonistic. They work jointly to promote the development of science. Considering the substantiality of the six research traditions, the justification of knowledge relativity is reasonable： there are more than one roads leading to truth. No matter which road is found, the theory should be tested by the ＂touchstone＂ of materialism： whether real associative relation exists between the phenomenon and self substance.