河南省灵宝市肾综合征出血热流行特征及防控效果评价

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and control measure evaluation in Lingbao,Henan province

目的分析肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征,探讨防控效果。方法收集灵宝市HFRS疫情数据,用描述流行病学方法进行分析,开展灭鼠防鼠、免疫接种、健康教育等综合防控工作并评价其效果。结果灵宝市1986-2008年共报告HFRS病例383例,死亡10例,其中2003年发病率最高(8.28/10万),2007年最低(零病例)。1986-1997年,年均发病率为0.67/10万;1998-2004年年均发病率较高(6.19/10万);2005年以来开展了灭鼠和疫苗接种,室内外鼠密度分别降至1.54%和1.21%,人群免疫覆盖率达36.45%,2005-2008年年均发病率降至0.70/10万。结论普及HFRS防治知识,高危人群免疫接种和秋季灭鼠对降低HFRS发病率发挥了重要作用。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） and evaluate the control measures. Methods The data of HFRS epidemic in Lingbao from 1986 to 2008 were collected to conduct descriptive epidemiological analysis. Deratization/rat-proofing, vaccination, health education were conducted and their effects were evaluated. Results A total of 383 cases of HFRS were reported, including 10 deaths, during this period. The incidence rate in 2003was highest （8.28/lakh）, and no cases was reported in 2007. The average annual incidence rate was 0.67/lakh from 1986 to 1997 and was 6.19/lakh from 1998 to 2004. Since the implementation of deratization and vaccination in 2005, the rat densities inside and outside house have decreased to 1.54% and 1.21%, the vaccination coverage rate has reached 36.45%. The average annual incidence rate of HFRS declined to 0.70/lakh during 2005- 2008. Conclusion Health education about HFRS prevention and control, vaccination for high risk population and deraization in autumn have played important role in reducing the incidence of HFRS in Lingbao.