民国时期教师专业化与教育类课程发展

The Professionalization of Teachers and The Development of Educational Curriculums in the Republic of China

民国时期高等师范院校教育类课程的曲折发展历程充分印证了在教师教育领域中的"钟摆"现象。正是人们对教师专业化认识与理解的左右摇摆与飘忽不定,最终演绎了高等师范院校教育类课程发展的曲折变化。学术性与师范性是教师专业性的两大体现。民国初期教师专业化中师范性特征明显,教育类课程获得稳步发展;民国中期教师专业化中学术性倾向突出,教育类课程一定程度上被边缘化;民国后期教师专业化中学术性与师范性的整合,为教育类课程提供了广阔的发展空间。追求学术性与师范性的整合将成为教师教育课程发展的历史必然,而这也将是今后教师教育课程改革的选择方向。

The development of educational curriculums at higher normal colleges in the Republic of China can be said to be twists and turns and fully proved that there was ＂pendulum＂ phenomenon in the field of teacher education. People＇s awareness and understanding of specialization of teachers was so erratic that the phenomenon came into being. The specialization of teachers was composed of the academic and normal characteristics. In the early Republic of China, more attention to the normal characteristics bring a steady development of educational courses; in the medium -term, professionalization of teachers showed a strong tendency towards academic while the educational courses were marginalized; latterly, the integration of pedagogical and academic characteristics provided a broad development space for educational courses. It was a historic trend for teacher curriculums to blend academic and normal characteristics, which will be the reform direction of educational curriculums at higher normal colleges in the future as well.