南水北调东、中线一期工程对受水区生态环境影响分析

Ecological and Environmental Impact Analysis of First Phase of South-to-North Water Transfer Project on Water-recipient Areas

为了定量回答南水北调工程对受水区生态环境的影响,对2000年以来东、中线一期工程受水区生态环境状况和所辖72座设市城市用水状况进行了统计分析,得出受水区生态环境和地下水循环更新能力正在退化;进而采用水量平衡分析方法,从一期工程对缓解受水区干旱程度、减少地下水超采、置换城市挤占农业用水量、调水可增加农业和环境用水量等方面定量分析了一期工程对受水区生态环境的改善作用。结果表明,一期工程对受水区城市供水和农业生态环境改善具有较显著的作用,但不能从根本上解决地下水超采问题;充分发挥一期工程效益需节水、调水、治污三项措施同步实施。

This paper aimed to analyze impact of South-to-North Water Transfer（SNWTP） on ecological and sentimental system of its recipient areas with quantitative methodology.The ecosystem and renewability of groundwater cycle of water recipient areas of South-to-North Water Transfer（SNWTP） had been proven to be degraded based on quantitative analysis of statistics of eco-environmental situation and water exploitation in the involved 72 municipalities since year of 2000.The function of SNWTP to recipient areas includes mainly relief on drought and groundwater over-exploitation,substitution of water supply from urban areas to rural areas and improvement of ecology and environment.These functions of the first phase of SNWTP were analyzed based on water balance.The results showed the first phase of SNWTP was able to improve the situation of water supply to urban areas and ecosystem,but the effect was limited on relief of groundwater over-exploitation.Ultimate method to solve the groundwater over-exploitation in recipient areas need integrated water management consist of water saving,inter-basin diversion,environmental protection and other measures.