常加速目标纯方位跟踪最优观测者轨迹及仿真分析

Optimal observer trajectory and simulation analysis for bearings-only tracking of constant acceleration target

针对常加速目标纯方位跟踪的最优观测者轨迹问题,基于最优控制理论建立了最优观测者轨迹的优化模型,运用解析法得到距离精度准则下常速率观测者最优航向的必要条件,并通过仿真讨论了目标加速度、观测者速率、目标与观测者的初始距离对最优观测者轨迹的影响。仿真结果表明,当目标加速度较小时,少量增加会提高对目标距离的估计精度,但最优轨迹的光滑度会降低;而当目标加速度较大时,为维护可观测性,观测者须进行强机动。

To investigate the optimal observer trajectory when a bearings-only observer tracks a constant acceleration target, optimal control theory was applied to establishing the optimal trajectory model of an observer. According to the range accuracy criterion, necessary conditions of the optimal course for constant speed observer were resolved by analytical means. The influence of relative target initialization range, acceleration of the target and the speed of the observer on the optimal observer trajectory was discussed by simulation. Simulation results show that when the target acceleration is small, its slight increase improves the estimation precision of the target range, yet the smoothness of the optimal declines, and that when the target maneuvers with a relative high acceleration, the observer must maneuver strongly to ensure the observability requirement.