我国西南岩溶石漠化土地生态建设分区治理思路与途径探讨

Research on division treatment to eco-construction of karst rock deserted land in southwest China karst area

论述了实施岩溶石漠化分区治理的必要性。根据岩溶石漠化土地分布特点及区域自然地理、社会经济、生物资源等差异性,将我国西南岩溶区分为中高山、岩溶断陷盆地、岩溶高原、岩溶峡谷、峰丛洼地、岩溶槽谷、峰林平原及溶丘洼地(槽谷)8个岩溶石漠化综合治理区,其建设重点与主要措施分别是:中高山区重点实施封山育林育草与营造生态防护林与薪炭林,利用自然景观和原生态文化,发展生态旅游业;岩溶断陷盆地区对盆地周边山地实施封山育林育草,盆地内修缮水利设施,建设高效经果林或中草药基地;岩溶高原区保护好现有林草植被,积极发展水源涵养林与经济林,完善生态体系结构,培育生态经济型产业,合理开展生态移民;岩溶峡谷区通过封造、乔灌治理相结合,提高岩溶植被的生态功能,积极发展生态旅游业与特色农林牧业;峰丛洼地区开展封山育林育草,发展南亚热带特色林业,适度进行生态移民;岩溶槽谷区加强对石漠化区域的生态建设,提高非石漠化土地的开发利用力度;峰林平原区合理开发利用地表和地下水资源,实施封山育林和人工造林,提高森林生态功能与景观价值;溶丘洼地(槽谷)区则围绕洞庭湖流域、岩溶景观区开展封山育林育草、人工造林,加强薪炭林与沼气池建设。

The necessity of division treatment for rocky desertification is expounded.In terms of the distribution characteristics of karst rocky deserted land and the diversity of regional natural geography,social economy and biology resources,eight karst rocky desertification comprehensive treatment divisions in southwest China karst area,i.e.,middle and higher mountain,karst graben basin,karst plateau,karst gorge,peak cluster marsh land,karst trough valley and peak cluster plain,as well as karst hilly marsh land（trough valley） are divided.And the main restricting factors for the implementation of ecological restoration in each comprehensive treatment division are induced and summarized.Furthermore,the construction emphases and main measures for the implementation of eco-rehabilitation in each division are determined.In the middle and higher mountain division,the emphases are to close the land for reforestation and growing grasses,and build up ecological protection forest and firewood forest as well as develop ecological tourist industry by using natural landscape and raw ecological culture.In karst graben basin division,the measures of closing the land for reforestation and grasses along the mountainous land of the basin will be made.And,the water conservancy facilities in the basin will be repaired for the construction of high yield economic forest or Chinese herbal medicine base.In karst plateau division,the current forest and grass vegetation will be well protected,and the water conservation forest and economic forest will also enjoy active development.Moreover,the ecological system structure will be improved,ecological economy type industry will be cultivated,as well as the ecological resettlement will reasonably be kicked out.In the karst gorge division,through the mixing of closing the land for reforestation and arbor and brush treatment,the ecological functions of karst vegetation will be raised.Also,the ecological tourist industry and feature agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry will be actively developed.In the peak cluster marsh land,the measures of closing the land for reforestation and grasses,the development of south Asia tropical feature forest and the suitable ecological resettlement will be Implemented.In karst trough valley division,the ecological construction of rocky desertification division should be enhanced,and the use degree of non rocky desertification division be upgraded.In peak cluster plain,to reasonably develop and use the water resources of both surface and underground,to close the land for reforestation and artificial reforestation,and to raise the ecological functions of forest and its landscape values.In the karst hilly marsh land（trough valley）,along the Dongting Lake basin and karst landscape division,the measures of closing the land for reforestation and grasses,artificial reforestation,firewood construction as well as the methane pool construction will be triggered.