药品不良反应的临床特点分析(附552例报告)

Clinical characteristics of adverse drug reaction (552 cases)

目的探讨本院药品不良反应的临床特点,促进临床合理用药。方法本文回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2009年6月收集到的552例ADR报告的临床资料。结果ADR发生男性(290例)略高于女性(262例),但基本平衡;10岁以下儿童和60岁以上高龄患者构成比高于其它年龄段;夏、秋两季共发生380例,占全年发生总数的68.8%;发生ADR最多的是抗感染药物,占55.8%(308/552),中成药引起的ADR排名仅次于抗感染药物;静脉给药占ADR的绝大部分(65.2%);ADR所致器官损害主要以皮肤及附件损害为主,大多数预后良好,本组无后遗症病例,无死亡病例;输液室报告率最高,报告人中护士占68.8%,药师占20.3%,医师占10.9%。结论ADR难以完全避免,应加强对临床医护人员ADR知识的宣传;医生除合理用药外,还应积极参与药品不良反应监测的工作,及时上报药品不良反应;临床药师应主动收集、整理ADR信息,并及时反馈给临床医生,以达到用药安全、有效、经济合理的目的。

【Objective】To discuss the clinical characteristics of adverse drug reaction （ADR） in our hospital so as to rationalize clinical medication.【Methods】 The clinical data of 552 patients with ADR,who received medical treatment in our hospital between Jan 2003 and June 2009,were retrospectively analyzed.【Results】ADR occurred in just a few more males （290 cases） than females （262 cases）.Children less than 10 years and the elderly over 60 years old constituted a greater proportion than patients in other ages.ADR appeared in summer and autumn in 380 cases which accounted for 68.8% of the yearly occurrence.ADR resulted mostly from medication of anti-infective agents （308/552,55.8%） and that from Chinese patent medicine ranked the next,the majority of which （65.2%） came from intravenous drug administration.The systemic lesions caused by ADR chiefly involved the skin and its appendants but with good prognosis in most of the cases.There were neither sequelae nor death.The report rate of ADR was the highest in the Transfusion Room.The reporters were nurses （68.8%）,pharmacists （20.3%） and doctors （10.9%）.【Conclusions】ADR can not be completely avoided.The recognition of ADR should be enhanced in medical staff.Doctors should not only provide rational drug use but also take part in ADR monitoring and report it in time.In order to use drugs safely,effectively,economically and rationally,clinical pharmacists ought to actively collect and analyze ADR data,and send the information back to clinical doctors betimes.