嗜血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症研究进展

Research Advance on Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis——Review

嗜血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)又称嗜血细胞综合征(HPS),是一组由于各种致病因素导致机体免疫功能紊乱引起单核/巨噬细胞系统反应性增生、释放大量细胞因子、严重损坏脏器功能的疾病。临床可见发热、肝脾大、血细胞减少等复杂表现,同时有高甘油三脂血症、低纤维蛋白原血症所致凝血功能障碍、肝功能异常、血清铁蛋白升高以及神经系统症状等。NK细胞和T细胞功能显著下降是本病标志性特点。地塞米松、依托泊苷、环孢素A联合应用的免疫化疗以及造血干细胞移植被认为是治疗HLH的有效方法。本文就近年来对HLH病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗等方面的研究进展做一综述。

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis （HLH） is named as hemophagocytic syndrome （HPS） and is a complicated disease with reactive hyperplasia of mononuclear/macrophagocytic system. This disease characterised by release of massive cytokines and severe functional distruction of visceral organs, which results from immune function disturbance causing by various pathogenic factors. The cardinal clinical symptoms of HLH are prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, elevated ferritin and triglycerides, low fibrinogen, symptom in nerve system and so on. Nevertheless, impaired function of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cell is characteristic for HLH. HLH has of two different types that may be difficult to distinguish from one another： a primary and a secondary form. The combined immunochemotherapy of dexamethasone, etoposide and cyclosporin A and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are considered as the effective therapies for HLH. In this article, the recent advance in research on the etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, diagnosis as well as recommended therapy of HLH were reviewed.