“沙漠人”的生理特征及其与高血压低发病率的相关性

Study on Physiological Characteristics and the Association with Low Prevalence of Hypertension in "Desert People Population" in Taklimakan Desert

目的探讨塔克拉玛干"沙漠人"的生理特征及其与高血压低发病率的关系。方法所有资料都是通过现场问卷调查和体格检查获得。被调查人群共469人,其中"沙漠人"359人,男性205人,女性154人,年龄15～99岁。于田县维吾尔族101人,男性55人,女性50人,作为对照人群,年龄20～85岁。数据处理采用SAS9.1.3统计分析软件,组间比较用t检验。结果(1)结果表明,"沙漠人"男性、女性身高都明显高于对照组,P值分别为0.0317和<0.0001."沙漠人"BMI明显小于对照组,P<0.05。相反,"沙漠人"男性、女性腰围明显小于对照组,P值分别为0.0027和<0.0001。(2)"沙漠人"收缩压和舒张压随年龄增长而升高,但均低于对照组,仅18～45岁和>60岁年龄组的收缩压水平较对照组有明显差异,P值分别为0.0127和0.0443。(3)"沙漠人"高血压患病率为7.0%(24/359),明显低于对照组30.7%(31/101)的高血压患病率。(4)"沙漠人"血糖、TG、TC、LDL-C、Apo-A、Apo-B水平低于对照组,P值均<0.02;18～45岁和>60岁年龄组的"沙漠人"血液中尿酸水平明显低于对照组,P值分别为0.0010和0.0051。46～60岁年龄组"沙漠人"的HDL-C水平明显高于对照组(P=0.0373)。(5)"沙漠人"血清IgG、IgA和IgM水平低于对照组,仅IgG,IgM有统计学差异。(6)问卷调查结果表明,"沙漠人"日常摄盐量甚低,很少有人吸烟(6/205男性)、无饮酒。结论低血糖、低血脂、低BMI的生理特征和低盐摄入,极少吸烟、无饮酒的生活方式,可能是"沙漠人"高血压患病率低的重要因素。

ObjectiveTo investigate the physiological characteristics and the association with low prevalence of hypertension in “desert people”, as an isolated population, in Taklimakan Desert.MethodsAll data were obtained from each person by questionnaire and standardized physical examinations. Total 469 subjects received examinations, including 359 subjects of “desert people” （M/F=205/154）, aged from 15~99 years; 101 subjects of Uyghur from Yutian county （M/F=51/50）, aged from 20~85 years, as controls. Some parameters ： TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo-A, Apo-B, Lp-a, BUN, UA and CRE were determined. The statistical analysis was performed with SAS9.1.3 Version （Inititute Inc. Cary, NC. USA）. Continuos values were expressed as mean±SD.Differences between groups were examined by student’s t test, and statistical difference was considered when the P value was less than 0.05.Results 1）The height in “desert people” was significantly taller than that in controls.P value was 0.0317 for male and P〈0.0001 for female, respectively. The body mass index （BMI,kg/m2）was smaller in “desert people” than that in controls,with 21.38 vs 23.84 for male and 21.27 vs 23.62 for female,and all P was less than 0.05.（2）Blood pressure （both SBP and DBP） increased with age increasing in “desert people”, and both SBP and DBP levels were lower than those in controls within the same age group. However, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than that in control.Only within both group of 18~45 and age〉60 years,P value was 0.0127 and 0.0443,respectively.（3）The prevalence of hypertension in “desert people” was 7%（24/359）,that was significantly lower than that in controls（307%,31/101）,P〈0.0001.（4）The levels of TG,TC,LDL-C, Apo-A, Apo-B in serum were significantly lower in the “desert people”,than those in the controls,with P value changing region from 0.0248 to 0.0001, except for TG in the group of 18~45 years. （5）Immunological determinations showed that the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were lower in “desert people” than those in controls,and P value was 0.0299 and 〈0.0001,respectively.（6）Based on the data from the questionare information, “desert people” had very low salt loading for every day, and there was little people with smoking and no drinking.ConclusionThe preliminary results showed that the physiological characteristics with low BMI, blood glucose and the low levels of TG,TC,LDL-C, Apo-A, Apo-B, as well as their habits of low salt loading, little smoking and no drinking, these factors might be associated with the low prevalence of hypertension in the “Desert people”