中小锅炉爆炸事故规律分析与研究

Analysis and Research on the Explosion Rules of Small and Medium-sized Boilers

为研究中小型锅炉爆炸事故的规律,对中小型锅炉爆炸案例进行调查和分析,并进行了缺水再进水试验和炉胆失稳模拟试验。研究认为,爆炸主要原因是缺水和超压,缺水造成材料性能下降明显,进水汽化造成锅内压力骤升,并给出了立式锅炉爆炸机理。从锅炉结构、水容积、安全附件等方面的爆炸事故因素考虑,对3种中小型锅炉进行安全性分析,并提出了事故预防措施。

Explosion cases of small and medium-sized boilers were investigated and analyzed. A re-water test under the circumstance of boiler lacking water and an instability simulation test for circular furnace were conducted. Test analysis shows that main causes for boiler explosion accidents are lack of water and overpressure; the lack of water will cause an obvious degradation of boiler material performance, and the re-water will cause a sudden jump in boiler pressure due to sudden evaporation of water. With vertical boilers as an example, the explosion mechanism was presented. Finally, safety analysis was made on three types of boilers from the aspects of boiler structure, water capacity and safety accessories, and preventive measures were proposed accordingly.