“友道”的精神呈现——孟子“知人论世”说的新探讨

A Manifestation of the Spirit of "Friendship"——a new interpretation of the key word "zhi ren lun shi" in Mencius' Poetics

孟子"知人论世"说蕴含着深广的文化元素和思想底蕴,充分彰显了先秦文化中的"友道"精神。通过对孟子"知人论世"的论析,可以看出孟子处理诗学问题的具体理论和操作方法既沿袭了先秦文化系统内部的历史性与脉络性,又与个人的学术理念,特别是与其"性善说"密切相关,从而呈现出独特而鲜明的问题域和独创性。这也说明今人以纯文学化的"诗学"观念去解读"经学化"的诗学关键词,往往淡忘或遮蔽了这些诗学观念里面所蕴涵的丰厚的思想资源,故此应该将两大阐释进路(纯诗学进路、经学化进路)更加密切地联系起来,这将是一种既富于历史厚重感又极具现代性色泽的阐释路径。

This article inspects a key word ＂zhi ren lun shi＂（ ＂知人论世＂ ,Knowledge of a person and his time）in Mencius Poetics,and emphasizes to analyze the deep ideaistic connotation of history and cultural factors in the two key terms. Mencius Poetics theories and practice in dealing with lust issues has followed the historical sequence in the Confucian cultural system,while at the same time been connected with his own academic concepts,thus presenting to us a unique and distinct domain and originality. Today people read classical works with a concept of pure literature, but they often forget or neglect abundant resource of ideaistic history in these poetic concepts. So this paper will combine the approaches of two interpretations much closer, and institute a new interpretive tendence which is not only historical but also modernistic.