大鼠颈静脉通道置管术的技术改进

A Improved Technique for Jugular Vein Catheterization in Rats

目的建立有效可靠的大鼠长期静脉输液通路。方法30只清洁级雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠用10%水合氯醛(0.35mL/100g)腹腔内注射麻醉后,仰卧位固定于操作台,备皮、消毒,沿颈中线偏右侧纵行剪开皮肤,游离皮下组织,显露右颈静脉,用血管夹夹闭游离好的颈静脉,预先置入探针,将硬膜外导管置入大鼠颈静脉。将大鼠翻身置于操作台上,用硬膜外穿刺针沿皮下穿至颈部切口处,在其引导下,将硬膜外导管置入穿刺针中,从颈背部穿出,连接接头,固定。结果实验大鼠97%(29/30)顺利置管,72%(21/29)完成10d天非连续输液,35%(10/29)可超过20d。1只麻醉死亡,术后5只导管脱出,3只堵管,无感染发生。结论改进技术建立的大鼠静脉输液通路手术死亡率、感染率和导管脱落率较低,实用、有效、可靠。

Objective To establish an available,economical and reliable animal model of long-term intravenous infusion access in rats.Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate （0.35 mL/100 g）,and then the anesthetized rats were placed on test bench in supine position.After skin preparation and disinfection,the skin were cut on the right side along neck longitudinal midline and the subcutaneous tissues were freed to expose the right jugular veins.The free jugular veins were occluded with the blood vessel clips and the spinal catheters were placed in jugular veins with the help of probes before the right jugular veins were squeezed,and then fixed on the back of the necks.Results 97%（29/30）of the experimental rats were successfully placed catheters into the jugular veins,and 72%（21/29）of the rats accomplished infusion without obvious discomfortable symptoms in 10 days and 35%（10/29）of the rats could last 20 days.One rat died from anesthesia,and five catheters swapped out from the veins and one catheter was blocked,and no infection occurred.Conclusion The improved intravenous infusion access is practical,effective and reliable with lower operative mortality,infection and catheter shedding rates.