7410例新生儿听力筛查结果的临床分析

Clinical Analysis of Measured Results on 7 410 Cases of Newborn Hearing Screening

目的分析新生儿听力筛查的基本特点,了解新生儿听力障碍的发病情况。方法采用瞬态诱发性耳声发射(TEOAE)对2007年1月-2008年12月在妇产科分娩的8332例新生儿进行听力筛查。初筛未通过者,出生42d进行复筛,复筛未通过者,生后3个月左右行听性脑干反应(ABR)测试。并比较不同性别、耳别、分娩方式新生儿的TEOAE筛查通过率。结果接受新生儿听力筛查人数7410例,初筛率88.9%;初筛未通过352例(4.8%);应复筛人数352例,实际复筛人数97例,复筛率27.6%;复筛未通过28例(28.9%);确诊听力障碍人数10例,其中双耳聋者5例,单耳聋者5例,中度以上聋者2例。新生儿听力障碍的发病率为0.13%(10/7410)。不同性别、耳别、分娩方式新生儿的TEOAE筛查通过率有差异:女婴高于男婴(P<0.05),右耳高于左耳(P<0.05),剖宫产高于平产(P<0.05)。结论对所有新生儿均应常规进行听力筛查,加强宣教,增加复筛率,早期发现、早期进行干预治疗,使听力障碍儿童的言语发育和认知发育得到最大程度的提高。

Objective To analyze the basic characteristic of neonatal hearing screening and investigate the incidence of congenital hearing loss among newborns.Methods Between January 2007 and December 2008,transient evoked otoacoustic emissions（TEOAE）was used to examine the hearing of 8 332 newborns who born in obstetrics and gynecology.Those who failed initial hearing screening underwent secondary screening 42 days after birth.Auditory brainstem response（ABR）was used to assess the hearing of infants who failed the secondary screening 3 months after birth.And compared with the pass rate of neonatal TEOAE screening between different gender,ear side and delivery mode.Results Seven thousand four hundred and ten infants （88.9%） accepted neonatal hearing screening;352（4.8%）failed in the initial screening tests.97 infants（27.6%） were screened in second screening.28 infants（28.9%） failed test.10 infants were finally diagnosed with congenital hearing loss.The incidence of congenital hearing loss was 0.13%（10/7 410）.Differences of gender,ear side and delivery mode on the pass rate of newborn hearing screening were confirmed by TEOAE test The pass rate was significantly higher in the right ear and the female newborns（all P0.05）;abdominal delivery was higher than spontaneous labor（P0.05）.Conclusion We should be routinely carried out hearing screening for all newborns.Early discovery and intervention treatment will promote hearing-impaired children to develop their language and cognitive capacity.