焦作矿区土地退化成因分析

Analysis of reasons of land degradation in JiaoZuo mine area

根据焦作矿区土地破坏现状,探讨了焦作矿区土地退化的3大主要成因,即开采沉陷、煤矸石堆积、土壤压实.分别选取有代表性的矿区,采集土样并测定它们的理化性质.结果表明:①开采沉陷产生的地表起伏、裂缝是该区土壤理化质量退化的影响因素;沉陷坡上土壤含水量、体积质量、有机质及全氮含量沿向下坡方向增大,表现出明显的土壤侵蚀特征.裂隙造成了沉陷区水土及养分的流失.②矸石堆附近土壤已受到Zn,Cd,Pb,Cu的严重污染,造成了土壤微生物质量下降.③压实区土壤体积质量明显增大,导致土壤丧失可耕性.

Based on the actuality of land demolition in Jiaozuo mine area, ground subsidence, coal gangue accumulation and soil compaction, which are regarded as the three main reasons of land degradation, are dis- cussed in this paper. Representive mine areas are selected to collect soil samples. The soil physical - chemical and microbial properties are measured. The results show that the undulation and fissures induced by ground subsidence mainly affect the soil physical and chemical properties in subsidence areas. Down the subsidence slope, soil water content, volume weight, OM and total N concentrations increase, which shows obvious fea- ture of soil erosion. Fissures result in the losses of soil, water and nutrients in subsidence areas. Nearby coal - spoil heaps, the soils have been seriously polluted by Zn, Cd and Pb , which induce the decline of bio- mass in soil microbial quality. In compaction areas, the soil volume weight significantly increases, resulting in the soils without arability.